Performance

Performance-enhancing drugs Essay Performance-Enhancing Drugs Artificial Entertainment?At a press conference in April, representatives from various professional sports joined together to discuss the effects of performance-enhancing drugs on their particular sport. Unanimously, the representatives decided that these drugs take away from the purity and natural skill of the sport, and should therefore be declared illegal in all professional and division-one college sports. This rule may go into effect as early as April of the year 2000. It is true that these enhancing drugs give athletes an opportunity to refine their skills, but who is suffering?Assume a businessman wakes up in the morning fatigued due to a lack of sleep the previous night. To improve his performance, he drinks a cup of coffee. The caffeine in the coffee wakes the businessman and prepares him for a competitive day in the business world. Should coffee be seen as a performance-enhancing drug? It is the same concept as an athlete taking a performance-enhancing drug. A businessmans coffee will simply amplify his natural skill in the business world, just like an enhancing drug taken by an athlete will amplify his natural skill in his sport. International Olympic Committee officials are concerned that baseball slugger Mark McGwire is sending the wrong message by using the performance-enhancing substance androstenedione. Androstenedione is an adrenal hormone produced naturally in men and women. It is converted in the liver to testosterone, which is used in muscle production. It is a legal and harmless substance used to improve your workout. After sending seventy baseballs out of various professional ballparks, breaking Roger Maris ancient record of sixty-one, skeptics began associating McGwires success to his use of androstenedione. He was always held back due to injury. In 1992, when androstenedione was not available, he was on track to hit seventy-four home runs before he injured his back. To prove a point, Mark McGwire put his supplements aside for a season. He wanted to show his fans that the skill he has is natural skill, and he does not need androstenedione to hit home runs. As of September 28, 1999, he has 61 home runs. With help from another home run hitter, Sammy Sosa, the excitement of baseball has reached new levels for both the players and spectators. Once again, who is suffering?There is a misconception that an average athlete can take a magical pill, and wake up the next morning hitting home runs, shooting three-pointers, and throwing sixty-yard passes. Performance-enhancing drugs do nothing of the sort. Athletes who take these substances spend hours each day training in order to fine-tune their skills. There is also a misconception that the drugs are detrimental to the athletes health. Recently, studies have shown that all enhancing drugs, with the exception of steroids, increase the life expectancy of the user. Each substance present in the drugs is produced naturally in every healthy person.Assuming that by the year 2001, all performance-enhancing drugs are made illegal in professional and division-one sports, athletes will simply have to be more careful in hiding their use of the drugs. Very few athletes will recognize the rule, and those that do will be the ones who suffer. There are many ways of masking any trace of a performance-enhancing drug. Therefore, an athlete could be taking many supplements and never be penalized. The athletes who have high morals and decide to listen to the rule will be at a disadvantage due to their honesty. Performance-enhancing drugs give athletes an opportunity to make their sport more exciting. If the drugs remove from the purity of the sport, then the purity was lost in the 1920s when vitamins became common to all athletes. Professional sports have created heroes for children all over the world. There is an excitement that has not been seen for years. When something is not broken, why fix it? If you take coffee away from a businessman, he is going to have a long, tiring day. .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 , .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 .postImageUrl , .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 , .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86:hover , .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86:visited , .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86:active { border:0!important; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; wid th: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86:active , .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86 .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7c9849ceae181d0365bcbc0096cd5b86:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Endangered Species Essay

UAE after Islam an Example by

UAE after Islam One of the main features of United Arab Emirates is its possession of a very strategic location which helps facilitate its trade and commerce. Within the country, the people are engaged in several occupations such as trading, transportation, fishing and hunting. This an important part of their civil life which, aside from certain developments, remained more and less as the same occupations the people in the country are engaged with through the years. However, unlike occupation which remained relatively stable through the years, there is an important aspect of UAEs culture that underwent radical changes through time. This is in the area of religion. Such changes may be divided between UAE before Islam and UAE under Islamic religion. Need essay sample on "UAE after Islam" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Even before the arrival of Islam, the people in UAE have a developed religion. It may be what people at present consider as primitive, but it is nonetheless a developed and organized religion. They have a deity in the form of a snake. A temple is built for the worship. This is a good evidence of the degree of civilization of these snake worshippers as regards their religion. They were able to create a sacred location where worship of their deity will be performed. Moreover, the existence such temple implies the existence of established rites, customs and traditions of a religious nature that are observed by them. Temples are also usually used to communicate to the deity, thus implying some form of prayer method among the people. Aside from the temple and worship, they also have other established norms and traditions such as in burials. This brings us to the second level of analysis, which is the examination of the status of UAE after the arrival Islam. Islam replaced the old religion practiced by people in UAE. It was facilitated by one of the major features that have characterized UAE for a very long time, its advantages as regards trade and commerce. At that time, the Gulf, in which UAE is a part of, became one of the important commercial centres as well as the industry of the ships. This facilitated the spreading of Islam through the help of Gulf merchants. The inculcation of Muslim faith is characterized not by a peaceful integration of people to the religion. Instead, the birth of Islam in the country is facilitated by blood and loss. The road to Islam that UAE and other countries in the region had to track was paved with battles and conquests. Even from the beginning, Islam was first brought within the country by Amer bin el Aass by fighting all the invaders from the region of Arabian Gulf after the death of prophet Mohammed (PBUH). In the Gulf, this was followed by other battles, some of which are characterized by victories, the others, by losses. Examples of the victories include the victory of the Ottoman sultan, Mohammed Al-Fatih (the Conqueror) to conquest "Constantinople", while examples of the losses include the end of the kingdom of Granada in Andalusia in 1492 and end of the Arabian marine control over the Arabian Gulf, Oman Sea, and a part of the Indian Ocean during the 15th Century. Many of these battles resulted in many d eaths and great loss of properties. Among the enemies against whom the need to defend arose were Portugal, Holland, France, and Britain. The political climate after the introduction of Islam was also affected by the formation of alliances and tribal organizations that are often formed by ruling families. Moreover, the policies of government and people have changed. One important consequence of the developments in the Arab region, including UAE, is their effects on the issues people hold dear. Progress and liberation have become major calls for Arab citizens and attention was given to the desire to achieve modern education, social modernisation and media openness. The Arab development, especially after Islam, has considerable effects on its different parts. An important discussion as regards these effects will be the development of Dubai Emirates, which is an integral part of United Arab Emirates. It is considered as the main portion of the Gulf and like UAE, has achieved a considerable position in trade due to its strategic location. It has also become a main trading in the Gulf owing partly to the success of its pearl-making business. However, as discussed above, UAE has become witness to the crossing of cultures due to its strategic location beside bodies of water used for trade and transportation, and so have its parts. The result is the commingling of the arts and culture of its parts, including the Dubai Emirates thus losing their distinction among each other. Reference David C King 'United Arab Emirates' New York : Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2008. Sultan ibn Muhammad al-Qasimi, Ruler of ShaI riqah'Selected speeches' Sharjah, United Arab Emirates : Al Qasimi Publications, 2016.

Gifts to boo radley Essays

Gifts to boo radley Essays Gifts to boo radley Paper Gifts to boo radley Paper At the end of the novel of Heaper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird, many things unravel. An adult Scout says, Neighbors bring food with death and flowers with sickness and little things in between. Boo was our neighbor. He gave us two soap dolls, a broken watch and chain, a pair of good-luck pennies, and our lives. But neighbors give in return. We never put back into that tree what we took out of it: we have given him nothing, and it made me sad. Scout is wrong. Scout, Gem, and Dill eave Boo Raddled various gifts as well he gave them. Throughout the novel, Scout gave Boo friendship, a connection to the outside world, and privacy. Although the gifts may not have been material, they are very meaningful to Boo. Nobody can deny that Scout and Boo Raddled had a special bond. Scout and Boo had secret friendship. Neither of them may have realized how much they cared for each other, but the readers they knew. Boo Raddled was a huge part in scouts childhood. In this hidden friendship, Boo had given scout material, and a slight interaction with her. : Scout, she gave Boo the opportunity for Macomb to not see him s the monster they think he is. She wanted to interact with him in more than the childish ways Gem and Dill and various other children were intending. She didnt Just want to go and touch the Raddled house, and at the time she didnt know she actually wanted to see more of Boo Raddled, she wanted to befriend him not Just be the cause of him bursting out of the front door in an annoyed tone for a 10 second glance. She also gave him the experience of watching her and Gem grow up from his own front porch. The chance to see a six year old girl and two ten year old boys fascinated bout his existence, reenacting his personal life, and as they slowly matured Into adulthood. These gifts may have seemed Like nothing to Scout but to a man who spent his life hiding they were his everyday life, his vague connection with the world. Nonetheless, Scout gave Boo a connection to the outside world. He spent all these years concealed in the security of his home. Undoubtedly, Boobs attempts in interacting with them, and watching them, he started to participate in outside world. His first act of participation took place when , Gem and Scout found the knothole in the tree. Boo had been placing these gifts there as an act of kindness, and friendship, proving that he isnt as strange as Macomb presents him as. The gifts were a major part of Scout and Seems day. They were delighted and intrigued by them, until Nathan Raddled filled the knothole with cement. Ending all communication with Boo and the children. Without a doubt Boo found other ways to communicate and show kindness towards the children. Such as wrapping a cold and shivering Scout In a blanket, as she and Gem watched Miss Muddies house being eaten In flames. In addition, Boo also gave Scout and Gem the gift of salvation. He cared enough to save Gem, as a pure act of kindness. Boo was no longer a stranger human being to them. But a friend, a friend who needed distance, a friend who needed privacy, but a friend. Moreover, as Boo was becoming a known person to Scout and Gem, he needed his distance. Even if he did save the childrens lives, he wanted privacy. Scout and Gem they gave him that, they did not tell a soul about what had happened. They kept being saved from Bob Lowell a secret. They kept Boo killing Bob Lowell a secret. If the people in Macomb had found out about how nice of a guy Boo actually was; the owns people would overwhelm with kindness and gifts. Which is why as soon as the danger of Bob Lowell was overcome he went back into his shell. He vanished from the childrens lives once again. As stated in the novel He gently released my hand, opened the door, went inside, and shut the door behind him. I never saw him again. Boo had done his part in having the children grow up. They didnt need him anymore. They had everything they had desired. In the long run, Scout may not have given Boo material gifts but she did give him psychological gifts. She gave him the gift of friendship, by showing him the world isnt as cruel as it seems, and interacting with him. She gifted him a slight connection with the world by exchanging kindness and curiosity. Nevertheless she gifted him the gift he was most pleased with and that was privacy. She never told a soul about him killing Bob Lowell. She left him alone, and he left her. Boo Raddled shaped Scouts childhood, and Scout she formed a smile on a Boo Readers face. A smile and happiness is the best gift anyone could give somebody. Scouts completely correct, she didnt give him a gift, she gave him the experience of a lifetime.

My Own Professional and Personal Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Own Professional and Personal Success - Essay Example My work as an accountant offers a lot of opportunities and brings a lot of challenges as well. I believe that success is invisible, it does not necessarily show but it is a feeling by the person involved. One may not be successful for the eyes of others but may feel that way personally.   Professionally, my job requires extensive effort to fight my way through better opportunities and more challenges. I consider meeting success beginning from the time I was able to accomplish my course at a satisfactory level and achieve my certificate for Certified Investments & Derivatives Auditor. My profession demands high-level capacity for different functions and requires superb output as well. It is already a feeling for me that I am on the right track in the road of success. The skills and knowledge that I gained from my past to present work experiences, aid in improving my full potential and journey towards continual improvement. Personally, my profession shaped me to become a person of integrity. Performing my duties with the utmost class and without any adversative effect on my job interest and to the company is already one big success for me. I believe that pursuit for success should not stop and the drive to achieve it continually should remain.

Evaluate returns predictability Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evaluate returns predictability - Coursework Example This paper has two sections; in the first section it discusses empirical evidence on the predictability of excess of returns by the technical analysis method, the second section is devoted to evaluating whether return predictability is a good test for market efficiency. Gustafsson (2012) conducted a research on how the stock market performed relatively to the predictions by the technical analysis method in the Swedish stock market. According to technical analysis assumed that successive returns were related. In other words, positive returns in a given time period would be followed by equally positive returns in the same period of the subsequent year. On the basis of the above assumption, Gustafsson (2012) wanted to test the hypothesis that successes in the stock market were independent. Among other tests, the research summarized results from various trading rules to test whether a technical analysis would have been used to accurately predict recurring price patterns and hence returns. The research found out that the comparison between 2001-12-28 and 2011-12-30, the average daily return was 0.0184% for the buy and hold strategy, with a standard deviation of 0.016 and the total number of trading days was 2517. With this statistic, the t-statistic for the buy and hold strategy was 0.58. This study made reached some interesting conclusions from the data. Interestingly, it found out that the introduction of RSI and the RSIstoch that indicates the directional strength of price changes had an impact on the return predictability. Further, the findings lend to the support of the assumption that technical analysis can be used to predict future price movements. This is because; average daily buy-day returns were significantly larger than average daily-sell returns. As such, it meant that the technical trading rules also had a

The Short Stories Of Haruki Murakami English Literature Essay

The Short Stories Of Haruki Murakami English Literature Essay Within The Elephant Vanishes, an anthology of short stories by Haruki Murakami, and The Outsider, a novel by Albert Camus, culture is examined and the reader is invited to see culture as following set rules and routines. Through the protagonists, the reader understands that culture observes these behaviours without question and in doing so are robotic. One of the ways this idea is reinforced through references to food. Food is shown to join people ceremoniously and who you share your food with reveals insights about the culture in which you live. Through the action of the texts and first person narratives the protagonist is established as different to the culture. In the short story, Sleep, the protagonist noted, I went to the living room, switched on the floor lamp beside the sofa, and sat there drinking a full glass of brandy (page 84). Although she enjoys alcohol, she has to drink by stealth. She is restricted in her freedom to enjoy alcohol because her husband does not approve of it. Her husbands occupation as a dentist precludes her from eating chocolates until an accidental reminder of old chocolate flakes wedged between the pages of the book I found a few crumbling flakes of chocolate stuck between the pages (page 90). She was then inspired to free herself from the shackles of her husbands dental fraternity norms. She shamelessly indulged herself on this pleasure impulsively, I felt a tremendous urge to have the real thing (page 90). In Sleep, timing for lunch is precisely at eleven forty, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I looked at my watch. Eleven Forty. Eleven Forty! (Page 91, Elephant Vanishes, Sleep). The typical type of food was, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦minced scallionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦buckwheat noodlesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦dried seaweedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦tofu (page 91). The reference to the exact time and the type of lunch indicate routine. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Cup of coffeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦two slices of bread, spread them with butter and mustard, and had a cheese sandwich (Page 89), something which the protagonist wishes to escape from. It is only when she breaks with the conventional rules that she feels as though she is living. The husband sitting on the sofa reading the newspaper shows the cultural routine of people in their everyday life, While I cleared the table, my husband sat on the sofa reading the paper (page 92). I made my husband his usual coffee (page 89). The protagonist is aware of cultural expectations of which her husband doggedly ad here to living through the same routine every day. Anna Karenina lay there beside him, but he didnt seem to notice. He had no interest in whether I read books (Page 92). The husband did not pay attention to his wifes interests or in the fact that it was his own book, which she was reading. It is the routine and monotony that he is occupied with the protagonist lives through every day doing whatever gives her pleasure. This rarity of freedom inevitably leads her to seeking food for pleasure while the husband, so ingrained in routine, appears robotic. Although food symbolically represents routine in The Outsider, it also establishes Meursault as an outsider of the culture. Both of Mersaults friends, Masson and Raymonds immoral behaviour has the culture classify them as outsiders. Due to their unusual behaviours, when these people meet to enjoy food together, it demonstrates that they encompass similar characteristics of personalities which are deemed unconventional from cultural expectations. The protagonist drinks wine to accompany food with Raymond and Masson (page 53). In this context, drinking alcohol is an acceptable practice and culture, both for men and women where it was observed by Mersault that Marie, his girlfriend à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦shed had a bit too much to drink (page 53). However, the fact that when Marie, commented, Do you know what time it is? It is half past eleven (page 53 The Outsider), a fact acknowledged by Masson when he responded, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the time to have lunch is when you are hungry (page 53 The Outsid er), indicates that for Masson, food is an individuals choice not regulated by expectations of a fixed schedule. At his home, Mersault appears to prefer à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ smoking, and eating chocolatesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ during mealtimes (page 26) The Outsider, while he watched the people below his flat from his veranda. In the text, Meursualt made contemplative observations of people that were dressed differently within the local community that went passed the street, He was wearing a straw hat and a bow tie and carrying a walking-stickà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I understand why local people said he was distinguished (page 25-26). This reveals the distinct behaviour of Meursault alongside the normal behaviours of the culture. Similarly, Meursault was also recognised by the individuals that went passed the street, The local girls, with their hair down, were walking arms in armsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I knew several of the girls and they waved to me. (page 27). Later in the evening Mersault went down to buy some bread and some pasta, did my cooking and I ate standing up (page 28, The Outsider), a posture of which is not dictated by conformist practice. Mersaults behaviour and insights reveal how individuals within the community stand out by their mere appearance that are easily recognisable that identifies them to be different or distinguishable. In addition, Meursault does fix his eating schedule by a particular time. This further confirms that he is an unplanned and disorganized person unlike the robot woman (page 45-46) The Outsider. The robot woman à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦while she was waiting for her hors doeuvre she opened her bagà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦took the exact sum plus a tipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦meticulous task occupied her throughout the meal (page 46) The Outsider. The robot woman contradicts Meursaults character, in that he would rather follow his distinctiveness with regards to most of his decisions about when, how, where and what to eat. The robot women on the other hand, showed the characteristics of order and direction when she ordered her meal, She called Celeste over and ordered her whole meal at once, speaking precisely but rapidly. (page 46) of which afterwards she dived into her bag again and took out a blue pencil and a magazine which gave the radio programmes for the week. One by one, she very carefully ticked almost every programmeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (page 46). From this rigmarole, the robot womans actions seem to follow a set of routine. In the story, The Second Bakery Attack, the protagonists were newly married and did not pre-empt stocking food in their house, Our refrigerator contains not a single item that could be technically categorized as food (page 37). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a bottle of French dressing, six cans of beer, two shrivelled onions, a stick of butter, and a box refrigerator deodorizer (page 37). This is a symbol of how empty their lives are. Although they work, go to bed at set times, conforming to the routines of work, they are metaphorically, unsatisfied. The couples conformist behaviour seems to set them to their hunger. In order to find a cure to break their hunger, the couple opposed convention by robbing Mc Donalds, Attack another bakery. Right away. Now. Its the only way. (page 43). During the robbery, the manager of the store showed typical characteristics of conventionality by the requirements of conformation from the upper authority saying, I cant do that. Ill be held responsible if I close up w ithout permission (Page 46). From this, it shows that the larger majority of the culture such as the manager and workers are similar to the robot woman in that their lives are dictated by order and routine and only a very small proportion of people operate in a non-conformist mode. Finally, in The Wind-up Bird and Tuesdays Women, the protagonist cooks spaghetti for breakfast. He chooses to live outside the routine of the culture and this is reflected by his choice of cooking and eating spaghetti in the morning, Spaghetti?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Its only ten-thirty in the morning. What are you doing cooking spaghetti at ten-thirty in the morning? (page 5, The Wind-Up Bird and Tuesdays Women) asked the woman who telephoned home for ten minutes of his time. In both The Elephant Vanishes by Haruki Murakami and The Outsider by Albert Camus, food are focused as a symbol that represents routine or an individuals desire to have freedom. The role of the characters is reflected in the type of food they chose to eat, where and when the repartee of food takes place. When any of these involvements of food varies, one can discern that these characters may be quirky, eccentric or stand-alone in their relationship to the larger culture. (Word Count: 1428)

competition :: essays research papers fc

Examine the concept of competition. Explain how it works in market economies. In what way is it a crucial part of the business environment? 1000 words In this essay I have analysed the different types of competition and market structures, and linked this to a current world example. I’ve discussed the neo-classical and dynamic approaches to competition and have studied Michael Porter’s Five Force model. Systemic and structural competitiveness has been mentioned, and market economies are examined including technical and allocative efficiency. I have assessed the relationship between competition and the business environment, and finally given personal views and come to an argued conclusion. Competition is the process by which two or more firms compete in the same market for a larger market share. This rivalry that exists is very beneficial to firms as is leads to increased efficiency and higher output at given cost levels. The amount of competition in a market is measured using concentration ratios (e.g. the five firm concentration ratio). There are two different types of competition which firms may undertake, price competition and non-price competition. In price competition, firms compete on the basis of price, for example by increasing the price of a good or service, the demand will either increase or decrease accordingly depending on its price elasticity of demand. In non-price competition firms compete in less risky forms of competition other than price, such as advertising and branding. Non-price competition exists in imperfect competition (usually oligopolies). Imperfect competition occurs in situations when there are a number of competing firms (with market power), but the market is without some or all features of perfect competition. The three types of imperfect competition are duopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. Perfect competition on the other hand exists when a market has a large number of small firms, with no one firm influencing price (firms are price takers, not price makers). These firms all sell identical products, with perfect knowledge of the market, which has no barriers to entry. This represents one end of the competition spectrum (see Appendix 1). There are two main views to the concept of competition, the dynamic approach and the static approach (Neo-Classical approach). The first is based on the behaviour of firms and their constant interactions with market structure, which involves change and innovation. The second involves classifying market structure, and the type and amount of competition (mainly on number of firms within the market), to determine the firm’s behaviour.